肿瘤概述病理学课件.ppt

我国恶性肿瘤患者 我院近几年肿瘤患者 鼻咽癌、肺癌 食管癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、 甲状腺癌 白血病 卵巢癌、乳腺癌、子宫颈癌 讲授内容 肿瘤的概念与一般形态 肿瘤的异型性 肿瘤的生长与扩散 良、恶性肿瘤的区别 肿瘤的命名与分类 常见肿瘤举例 肿瘤的病因学与发病学 肿瘤的概念 Definition of tumor 一般形态与结构 Characteristics of tumor 遗传密码改变 无 有 代谢,功能,形态 正常 异常 分化成熟能力 有 缺乏 原因消除后生长 停止 继续 与整体协调性 协调 不 对机体的影响 修复 大 　 数目和大小 形状 颜色 硬度 （二） Tissue structure of tumor All tumors, benign and malignant, have two basic components (1) the parenchyma, made up of transformed or neoplastic cells, and (2)the supporting, host-derived, non-neoplastic stroma, made up of connective tissue and blood vessels. The parenchyma of the neoplasm determined its biologic behavior, and it is this component from which the tumor derives its name. 肿瘤的异型性 Atypia of tumor 肿瘤组织在细胞形态和组织结构上与 其发源的正常组织有不同程度的差异 ⒉ 分化 differentiation The differentiation of parenchymal cells refers to the extent to which they resemble their normal forebears morphologically and functionally. Benign neoplasms are composed of well-differentiated cells that closely resemble their normal counterparts. Malignant neoplasms are characterized by wide range of parenchymal cell differentiation, from surprisingly well differentiated to completely undifferentiated. 分化程度 低 异型性 大 分化程度 高 异型性 小 Atypia of tumor cell 子宫平滑肌 平滑肌肉瘤 Atypia histologically Normal Pre-cancer Cancer ⑴ expansive growth ：多见于良性 ⑵ invasive growth ：多见于恶性 ⑶ exophytic growth 良、恶性均可 2.肿瘤的扩散 spread of tumor Invasion and metastasis: Invasion and metastasis are biologic hallmarks of malignant tumors. They are the major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality and hence are the subjects of intense scrutiny. ⑴ 直接蔓延 direct spreading ⑵ 转移 Metastasis For tumor cells to break loose from a primary mass, enter blood vessels or lymphatics , and produce a secondary growth at a distant site, they must go through a series of steps. Each step in this sequence is subject to a multitude of