服务计算基础之语义web服务.ppt

服务计算基础;第九章 语义Web服务;主要内容;第一节 概述;语义是事物的观察者给事物本身赋予的含义，一致共享的语义构成观察者对事物的知识，是观察者之间互相交流的基础。 语义网通过给万维网上的文档(如:HTML)添加能够被计算机理解的语义(Meta data)，从而使整个万维网中现存的信息发展成一个巨大的全球信息库、知识库。 ;Web 服务使用标准的、规范的 XML进行描述，包括消息格式、传输协议和位置，隐藏了实现服务的细节。 WSDL从句法层面对Web服务的功能进行描述，包括4个不同的方面：数据类型、消息、操作和访问端口。 这只是提供了Web服务的接口描述，对服务的行为约束和属性描述缺乏进一步的支持。 缺陷 数据管理有序性与Web上信息无序性； 搜索引擎查全查准要求与服务描述缺语义； 信息获取效率与Web海量动态数据。;语义Web服务的主要方法是利用Ontology来描述Web服务，通过带有语义信息的Web服务来实现服务的自动发现，调用和组合。 语义Web和Web 服务是语义Web服务的两大支撑技术。 OWL-S是连接两大技术的桥梁。 目前对语义Web服务标记语言研究最典型的组织就是DARPA（Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency）组织，其研究组OWL Services Coalition提出了语义Web服务标记语言OWL-S;第二节 语义网;Semantic Web的由来;The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in co-operation.  – Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila, The Semantic Web, Scientific American, May 2001;Semantic Web的架构的相关标准;本体(ontology) a philosophical discipline, branch of philosophy that deal with the nature and the organization of reality. Science of being ? Tries to answer the questions: what is being? what are the features common to all beings? ; Ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization – Gruber 要点： Conceptualization: an abstract model of phenomena in the world by having identified the relevant concepts of those phenomena. Explicit: the type of concepts used, and the constraints on their use are explicitly defined. Formal: the fact that the ontology should be machine readable. Shared: ontology should capture consensual knowledge accepted by the communities ?;What is a concept?? Different communities have different notions on what a concept means:? formal concepts? concept label ? terminology? frame or OO There is m:n relationship between words and concepts different words may refer to the same concepts a word may refer to several concepts? Ontology languages should provide means for making this difference explicit ;Classes concepts of the domain o