土木工程专业外语秦卫红主编1-7课后答案.pdf

ENGLISH WORDS 1. A total elongation of a bar carrying an axial force 带了轴力的杆件伸长量 2. A bar that has constant cross section throughout its length and a strait axis 一个全长等截面 的直轴 3. A uniform stretching 均匀拉伸 4. Units of force divided by area 单位面积上的力 5. A compressive stress 压应力 6. At right angles to its axis 垂直于轴杆 7. This condition will be realized if the axial force P acts through the centroid of the cross section, as can be demonstrated y statics. 这种情况将被认为：如果一个轴向力 P 作用 在横截面中心，那么它可以以静力学来解释。 8. Also, unless stated otherwise, it is generally assumed that the weight of the object itself is neglected, as was done when discussing the bar in Fig. 1-1 . 同样， 除非另有说明，这个通 常假设该物体的重力被忽略，对于在像图 Ι- Ι讨论杆件的时候。 9. By making an artificial cut through the bar at right angles to its axis, we can isolate parts of the bar as a free body. 人工的截开这个杆在垂直于轴向的方向上， 我们能隔离出杆的一 部分为自由端。 10. The concepts of stress and strain can be illustrated in an elementary way by considering the extension of prismatic bar. 应力和应变能够用一种基本的方式来解释，考虑该柱形延伸 的杆件。 11. Assuming that the stress has a uniform distribution over the cross section ,we can readily see that its resultant is equal to the intensity ａ times the cross-section area A of the bar. 假 设在整个横截面上有着均匀分布的应力， 我们能理解到它的结果等于强度 6 与横截面面 积 A 的乘积。 12. When the bar is being stretched by the force P , as shown in the figure, the resulting stress is a tensile stress; if the forces are reversed in direction, causing the bar to be compressed, they are called compressive stresses. 当一个杆件被力 P 拉伸，我们可以看到在途中，这个 结果应力为拉力，如果这个里方向相反，将造成这个敢见被压缩，这叫压应力。 13. The critical load 临界荷载 14. The ultimate load 最终荷载 15. a modulus of elasticity 弹性模量 16. a factor of safety 安全因素 17. elastic buckling 弹性弯曲 18.