中考英语语法专题被动语态讲解练习（无答案）.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 被动语态 一、语态：是动词的一种形式，用于说明主语与谓语之间的关系。 = 1 \* GB3 ① 英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 = 2 \* GB3 ② 主动语态表示：主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示：主语是动作的承受者。 = 3 \* GB3 ③ 只有及物动词才有被动语态。 = 4 \* GB3 ④ 被动语态谓语动词的结构为：be done（过去分词）。 = 5 \* GB3 ⑤ 汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。 二、八大时态的主动语态和被动语态对照： 主动语态 被动语态 助动词 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done am/is/are 一般过去时 did was/were done was/were 一般将来时 will do am/is/are going to do will be done am/is/are going to be done will am/is/are 过去将来时 would do was/were going to do would be done was/were going to be done would was/were 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done am/is/are 过去进行时 was were doing was/were being done was/were 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done have/has 过去完成时 had done had been done had 情态动词 can/may/mus t do can/may/must be done can/may/must 三、用法 1、一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are done） Children love these songs. 主 谓 宾 These songs are loved by children. 主 谓 状 Jane looks after the cat. 主 谓 宾 The cat is looked after by Jane. 主 谓 状 注：主动语态的宾语 → 被动语态的主语 只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态；不及物动词（组）没有宾语，即没有被动语态。 主动语态的主语在被动语态中，前面需加by—“被”。 2、主动变被动的几个重点 （1）短语动词 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉介词或副词。 People speak to old men politely here. 这里的人们对老人讲话有礼貌。 → Old men are spoken to politely here by people. （2）带双宾语的动词 带双宾语的动词变被动语态时有两种方式，可分别将间接宾语和直接宾语转化为被动语态的主语。 We often give him a nice present at Christmas. → He is often given a nice present at Christmas by us. → A nice present is often given to him at Christmas by us. （3）带复合宾语的动词 宾语加宾补构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，把宾语变主语，原来的宾语补足语成为被动语态的主语补足语。 The teacher calls him Peter. → He is called Peter by the teacher. 感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等及使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补，在变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符号to。 He makes the girl stay at home. → The girl is made to stay at home by him. （4）表达情感的动词 如：interest(使感兴趣)，worry(使烦忧)，surprise(使惊讶)，tire(使疲劳)，bore(使无聊)，move(使感动)等，可用被动形式。 He always surprises us. → We are always surprised by him. 练习 （一）将主动语态改为被动语态 1. We all love our motherland deeply. ______________________