2020年山东专升本英语语态篇.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 山东专升本英语 语态篇 ? 语态(Voice)是说明句子中的主语与谓语之间关系的动词形式。英语语态有两种：主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 ? 一、被动语态的形式： 由“be（助动词）+过去分词（及物动词）”构成。Be 随着主语的人称、时态和数的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表（以provide为例）： ? 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am is are provided am is are being provided has have been provided 过去 was were provided was were being provided had been provided 将来 shall will be provided ? shall will have been provided 过去 将来 would be provided ? would have been provided ? 提示: 被动语态没有完成进行和将来进行时态。 ? 二、被动语态的用法： 1．当动作的执行者不明确或无需指出时 【例句】 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. A lecture on English literature will be given tonight. 2．为了强调动作的承受者 【例句】 Four people were killed and thirty injured in the bomb attack. Susan was singled out for praise yesterday. 3．为了修辞的需要 【例句】 He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. Yesterday he visited our university and was welcomed by the President. 提示: 1．除及物动词外，一些相当于及物动词的短语动词如call on, carry out, look after, deal with, take care of等也可使用被动态形式，短语动词应被视为不可分割的一部分，一般不拆开使用。 This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible. My younger brother is well looked after (by my grandma). 2．不及物动词（或相当于一个不及物动词的短语动词）和表示状态的动词（或短语动词）无被动态形式，如：happen, rise, occur, take place, break out等;以及lack, fit, suit, equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of, look like等。 The story happened in 1949. The committee consists of ten members. 3．将主动态形式改为被动态形式时，如遇到带有双宾语的动词如buy，give，send，show，teach，tell，write等，只能将其中之一变为主语，另一个保持不变。当直接宾语变为主语时，保持在原位的间接宾语前需加介词to。 主动句：We teach the students English in a new way. 被动句：The students are taught English in a new way. English is taught to the students in a new way. ? 三、考点 在历年考试中，被动语态一般不作为单独的测试项目出现，都是与时态，虚拟语气，非谓语动词等语法项目一起出现。另外还要注意下列几种特殊的被动情况： 1．形式主动但意义被动的动词 一些动词的某些用法采用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的这类动词有sell, read, wash, wear, cut, spread, iron, open, peel等。 【例句】 His new book is selling badly. The shop doesn’t open on Sundays. These oranges peel well. 2．主动不定式代替被动不定式 1) 当不定式作表语形容词的补足