国际经济学2国民收入核算与国际收支.pptVIP

YOU ARE WELCOME !;International Economics;Chapter 12;Preview;Introduction;The national income accounts and the balance of payments accounts are essential tools for studying the macroeconomics of open, interdependent economies（为了全面了解各国在开放的宏观经济方面的联系，我们必须掌握两种有关的重要工具）. National income accounting（国民收入账户） Records all the expenditures that contribute to a country’s income and output Balance of payments accounting（国际收支平衡账户） Helps us keep track of both changes in a country’s indebtedness to foreigners and the fortunes of its export- and import-competing industries（有助于我们了解和追踪一国对外负债，出口及进口竞争产业的状况及变动）。;The National Income Accounts;GNP is calculated by adding up the market value of all expenditures on final output: Consumption The amount consumed by private domestic residents Investment The amount put aside by private firms to build new plant and equipment for future production Government purchases The amount used by the government Current account balance The amount of net exports of goods and services to foreigners;The National Income Accounts;National Product and National Income National Income It is earned over a period by its factors of production. It must equal the GNP a country generates over some period of time. One person’s spending is another’s income (i.e., total spending must equal total income).;Capital Depreciation, International Transfers, and Indirect Business Taxes Adjustments to the definition of GNP: Depreciation of capital It reduces the income of capital owners. It must be subtracted from GNP (to get the net national product). Net unilateral transfers of income They are part of a country’s income but are not part of its product. They must be added to the net national product. Indirect business taxes They are sales taxes. They must be subtracted from GNP.;Gross Domestic Product (GDP) It measures the volume of production within a country’s borders. It equals GNP minus net receipts of factor income from the rest of the world（ GDP 等于GNP减去从世界上其他地方获得的净要素收入）. It do