情态动词上课.docVIP

情态动词 1、can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本用法 (1)表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dongs? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，如：You can (may) go home now. (4)用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，表示：“有时候会。。。”，如： A man who is in his nineties can be forgetful. (5)can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式，如：He will be able to do the work better. 注意：were/was able to do sth.指过去做成了的事相当于manage to do/succeed in doing sth. With the help of the firemen, they were able to leave the burning house. 2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法 (1)表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，如：You may use my dictionary. 当回答由may引起的问题时，否定答语要用must not表示“不可”、“不应该”、“不行”。 ---May I watch TV tonight? ---Yes, you may(No, you mustn’t/No, you can’t/No, you had better not). (2)may或 might都表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用might表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定，用于肯定和否定句中，不用于疑问句。 They may (might) be in the library now . （3）may位于句首表示祝愿 May you succeed in the coming new year! 3、must的基本用法 (1)must表示“必须”，其否定式 must not，缩写形式为 mustnt，表示“不准”、“不许可”之意，如： We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustnt touch the fire. --- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---No, you neednt (dont have to), but you must finish it in three days. (2)在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如： ---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dongs. I know his father has just bought him a new one.(3)表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩。表示“偏偏”; “非要”。如： ---Could I have a word with you, mum? ---Oh dear, if you must. (4) must着重主观看法，have to比较强调客观需要且使用于多种时态，“不得不”，如： When he was a child, he had to work to support himself. 4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法 (1)can, could后接完成式的用法：①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度，Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如：---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- Its too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法 ①表示对过去某事的推测，如果使用might，语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责