第三章形合和意合.ppt

* Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese Meaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯) Paratactic 语义型语言 (以意统形) English Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion （显性联接） Hypotactic 形态型语言 (以形驭意) Definition of Hypotaxis Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction of relationship of clauses with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you don’t come (The American Heritage Dictionary) 形合：以连接词构筑的附属或从属结构小句之间的关系，如：要是你不来的话，我会失望的。《美国传统语言大词典） English: Hypotactic Ways English has clear-cut formal markers to indicate the relation between sentence components. They help make sentences compact and clearly defined. It is impossible to calculate the meaning though the relationships. Those markers include: 1 Formal changes and coherence between subject and predicate, as well as reference of pronouns. 2 Relatives and conjunctions 3 Prepositions English: Hypotactic Ways Back Cohesive Ties Relatives Conjunctions Prepositions Relative Adverbs Relative Pronoun Coordinate Subordinate Differences between Relatives and Conjunctions Relatives are used in connecting attributive, subject, object or predicative clauses, which are part of the main clause without which the main clause would be incomplete. 关系词用来连接主语和定语，主语从句，宾语从句或表语从句。这些从句与主句关系紧密，是主句中的一个组成部分，缺少这些从句，主句就不完整。 Conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases, clauses or adverbial clauses, which are mutually independent. In particular, conjunction to adverbial clauses mark that adverbial clause is detachable form the main clause. 请谈谈你对连接词的认识？ 英语重形合,汉语重意合. 跑得了和尚,跑不了庙. The monks may run away, but the temple cannot run away with him. 一个英国人,不会说中国话,有一次在中国旅行. An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China. 那太阳,整天躲在云层里,现在又光芒四射了. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in full splendor. 英语重形合,汉语重意合. 他不去我去. I’d like to go if he wouldn’t. 他不去我也去. I’d go there even if he wouldn’t to with me. 他不去我才去. I’d go there only if he won’t. 人穷志短 When a man is poor his