土壤微生物与养分管理.pptx

土壤微生物与养分管理2019.08.05 宇宙中的星星1022--1024 /news/2018-01-distant-galaxies-stars.html1022--1024 stars in universe///////////////The total number of prokaryotic cells on earth: 4-6 x 1030 The prokaryotic biomass: Carbon 350-550 Pg Nitrogen 85-130Pg Phosphate 9-14PgThe total number of prokaryotic cells in soil: 1.2 x 1029“The total amount of prokaryotic carbon is comparable to that of total plant biomass.” (Bar-On et al., PNAS. 2018)Most (90%) have never been cultivated their properties are unknown.(Whitman et al., PNAS.1998)/news/2018-01-distant-galaxies-stars.html宇宙中的微生物生存的土壤 Zhu et al., Environ. Int. 2019微生物养活世界 20:20 in 20 — increase yields by 20% while reducing fertilizer and pesticide use by 20% in 20 years土壤微生物与养分的关系Environmental factors Plant phenotype Agricultural managementMicrobial application Gas emissionOrganic manureChemical fertilizer Microbiome Microbiome N P, KMicrobial biomassDecompositionMicrobiome NO3-N?????????????????????????????????Runoff leachingAbundance, diversity, functionality, and colonization of microorganisms in above- and below ground养分管理中土壤微生物的枢纽作用？？未知已知微生物功能微生物多样性 氮循环????????????????????????????????????????????microbes养分管理中土壤微生物的枢纽作用？微生物多样性 ？土壤类型作物品种肥料施用管理措施间套作和轮作已知未知微生物功能氮循环????????????????????????????????????????????microbes土壤类型Root-associated microbial communities are separable by rhizocompartment and soil type. Edwards et al., PNAS. 2015作物品种Root microbiota of 68 indica and 27 japonica varieties (Oryza sativa)indica?and?japonica?recruit distinct root microbiotaindica-enriched bacterial taxa are more diverse, and contain more genera with nitrogen metabolism functions, than?japonica-enriched taxa.NRT1.1B, a rice nitrate transporter and sensor, is associated with the recruitment of a large proportion of?indica-enriched bacteriaZhang et al., Nature Biotech. 2019化肥施用Soil microbiome more tightened under nitrogen fertilizationsSoil type most strongly drives microbiome compositionZhao et al., Microbiome. 2019管理措施 Agricultural