气候变化背景下作物高产高效管理.pptx

气候变化背景下作物高产高效管理主要内容主要背景影响及调控小结背景1：高温等纪录不断刷新！June 2019 ranks as the warmest June on record for the globe8亿人齐“蒸桑拿”！我们正在经历有史以来最热夏天国家气象局， 2019NOAA， 2019背景2：高温与干旱等总是复合同时出现！Substantial increase in concurrent droughts and heatwaves across the NCPTime series of the number of extreme heat and drought disasters per yearWang et al., 2018, International Journal of ClimatologyLesk et al., 2016, Nature 河南封丘，7月16日背景3：作物生产对新变化的响应Schematic representation of temperature-yield relationshipSchematic representation of temperature-yield relationship21Yang et al., 2004. User manual for Hybrid-Maize ModelTigchelaar et al., 2018, PNAS主要内容主要背景影响及调控小结相关研究热点的转变高产稳产+高产+高效温度系统1阶段2阶段2阶段1温度系统2阶段1案例：中美玉米生产温度系统1贡献对比分析中国玉米美国玉米All together, the better weather experienced by US maize accounts for 28% of the yield trends since 1981.Maize yield for the entire CMB decreased by an average of 8% due to climate change from the 1980s to the 2000s.Butler et al., 2018, PNAS Meng et al., 2016, SR 案例：中美玉米生产温度系统1贡献对比分析中国玉米带：升温美国玉米带：降据来源：NASA，2019温度系统1的利用案例：新型作物体系的启示Wang et al., 2019, Agronomy Journal案例：中美玉米生产温度系统2贡献对比分析北方夏玉米美国玉米1980-1989年2008-2017年All together, the better weather experienced by US maize accounts for 28% of the yield trends since 1981.Butler et al., 2018, PNAS Xin et al., in preparation 温度系统2对玉米生产影响的主要机理The underlying mechanism13C atom % excess (a), soluble sugar content (b), sucrose content (c), and starch content (d) in the pollen, anther, and tassel during the flowering periodReduced kernel number rather than kernel weight；High temperature stress advanced tasseling and pollen shedding, extended the anthesis-silking interval, and reduced the number and viability of pollen shed, but had no effects on silking;Leaf assimilate can be transferred to the tassel, but cannot be converted into starch in the HT stressed pollen.The damaged pollen morphology and the interrupted sugar to starch physiological process explained the reduced pollen viability. Scanning electron microscope and transmissio