初中语法总结及练习代词.docVIP

初中语法总结及练习 代词 代词可指代用来代替名词，名词性词组或短语和句子的。兼具名词和形容词的作用。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词(that等)、相互代词(each other ) ※各种代词都有单数和复数的区别。例如：each, everything等都是表示单数；both, all 等都是表示复数。如：Do you know the man who____ (be) talking to the headmaster? Do you know the men who____ (be) in the sitting room? ※代词有主格、宾格和所有格的变化 12个人称代词，其中，宾格(___________________________)一般用作动词和介词的宾语; 多个人称代词同时使用时的排列顺序 单数：you+he/she+I/me 复数：we+you+they ※ it 的用法 (天气、时间、距离、电话用语、形式主语、强调结构 如It is her father who is a policeman.) 物主代词可为_____性及_____性物主代词，名词性物主代词可用作主语，并做动词和介词的宾语如：His idea is much more different from____ (I).名物代还可与of构成双重所有格。A picture of his 反身代词常与及物动词或某些介词如 with, by 连用; e.g enjoy~, say to ~ , look at~, teach~ by~_______, of~_____, between~________;有时还可用作同位词表强调：e.g. You’ll have to do it yourself. 指示代词有this, that, these, those, such, same, so ※that 和 those代替前面提到过的名词 The culture in Egypt is as old as____ in China. ※so 位于句子开头，强调末尾的词。You have seen the film. So ___ ____. ※such注：such… as(that); the same… as(that)e.g. _____(such/same) was Einstein. The ______(such/same) is the case with me. 疑问代词有who(whom), whose, what, which1)who, what, whom who多指姓名、关系等，what多指职业、地位等, whom常用于介词后 To whom is she writing?2) what, which 前者不限制范围，后者限制在一定范围 e.g.______ sports do you like best? _____sport do you like the best? 不定代词有some-, any-, no-, every-等16个及all, both, either, neither, other, another, none, each, little, a little, few, a few, one, much, many, no可用来表示肯定和否定含义1)it 和one one 和 ones(复数形式)可用于代替上文出现过的名词，以避免重复。You have a dictionary. May I use____ ？Do you have a bike? Yes, I have ____(=a bike). I dont like blue shirts. I like white _____ . (用one/ones/it填空)2)all, each, every, either each 含意为“单个，一个”，侧重于个体。every 的含意是“每一个” ，侧重整体中的个体及其共性，它在句中只能够作定语(后接名词)。all表多个，each可指小到两个，every则至少指三个，either表两者任何一个 如：All the______ (student)/Every ______ (student) want(s) to see the film. Each child ____ (get) a cake.3)some, any any 常用于否、疑、条件从句中，当any 表示“任何，无论哪一个”时，更常用于肯定句中，并常常重读。4)no one, none no one 仅指人，none 可指人或物