考点13 主谓一致-中考英语语法考点纵览 .doc免费

PAGE 中考英语语法考点纵览 13——主谓一致 一、主谓一致概述 主谓一致的定义： 谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫作主谓一致。 主谓一致的原则分类： ① 语法形式一致原则： 在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 ② 逻辑意义一致原则： 谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。 ③ 就近一致原则： 谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。 二、主谓一致考点纵览 考点一： 语法形式一致的原则 考点1：以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 典型例句 Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years. 在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。 To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage. 开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。 Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving your English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。 What you need most is to have a good sleep. 你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。 How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。 考点2：由and或bothand来连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。 典型例句 Swimming and walking are good exercises. 游泳和散步都是好运动。 He and I were classmates when we were at college. 他和我在上大学时是同学。 Both John and Ann have got pen-friends. 约翰和安都有笔友。 Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports. 周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。 注意： ① 并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。 典型例句 The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting. 经理兼书记没有出席会议。 The manager and the secretary are busy now. 经理和书记现在都很忙。 Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li. 他们的老师和朋友是李先生。 ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。另外，more than one+名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。 典型例句 In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利接受教育。 Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。 Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。 More than one student is interested in the book. 不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。 考点3：如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, including, no less than, rather than, as much as, more than, along with, in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。 典型例句 An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain. 一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。 Mary as well as her friends likes this painting. 玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。 No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter. 除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。 考点4：不定代