淋巴系统与免疫.pptxVIP

Chapter 22 Anatomy PhysiologyFifth EditionSeeley/Stephens/Tate(c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.The Lymphatic System and ImmunityThe human body recognizes anything other than its own as an invader.When these foreign bodies are capable of living in the human body and are harmful, they are called pathogens.Plasma contains antibodies against cells other than its own. These antibodies are formed when the infants are about three months old. Recall when the blood types were formed.Thus, there is the lymphatic system in the body to identify and destroy foreign bodies. (by forming antibodies)But, how do they distinguish our own from the others?When the reaction is against each specific foreign body, it is called immune response or immunity.Organization and Functions of the Lymphatic SystemIn the lymphatic system there are:Lymphatic fluid, lymph, that contains lymphocytesVessels that transport lymphAnd sites where large contents of lymphocytes are held: lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus.Functions of the lymphatic systemThe lymph system has three major functions:1. Fluid Balance. Circulating blood release about 30 L of fluid into interstitial space each day. Of the 27 L are returned to the circulation. The remaining 3L will enter the lymphatic system as lymph. The lymph passes through the lymphatic system and enter back to the blood vessels. In addition to water, lymph contains substances as in plasma and substances extracted from cells.2. Fat Absorption. Fats and other substances are absorbed from the digestive tract and carried through the lymphatic system.3. Defense. Immune system (lymphocytes, B-cells, T-cells)Lymphatic VesselsLymphatic vessels are spread out throughout the body except in the CNS (Fig 22.1)They originate from within lymphocyte producing organs and empty into the thoracic duct. They contain many lymphatic nodes and nodules.Like blood vessels, they have small vessels called lymphatic capillaries which lay close to the blood capillaries.Lymph soluble fluid w