土壤中铬形态的分析.docVIP

土壤中铬形态的分析 摘要：目前，重金属污染与日俱增，严重危害了人们的日常生活和身体健康。铬是众多重金属中存在比较广泛的危害性较强的一种，铬在环境中通常有以正三价和正六价的形态存在，Cr（Ⅲ）毒性小，不易迁移，而铬(VI)毒性大，容易被人体吸收，可通过食物链在生物体内富集，且不能被微生物分解，是一种公认的致癌致突变物质。铬是迁移性污染物，进入环境后，容易导致土壤和地下水的污染，因此，研究铬在土壤中的迁移转化是很有必要的。本文阐述了铬在土壤中的存在形态及转化，揭示不同性质土壤中镉的形态特征及其影响因素，对准确地评价土壤健康质量，进行土壤的环境保护和土壤镉污染防治有着积极的意义。 关键词：铬；土壤性质；化学形态；迁移转化 In the form of chromium in soil analysis Abstract: at present, the heavy metal pollution, serious damage to Peoples Daily life and health. Chromium is among the dangers of heavy metals exist in the more extensive the stronger one, usually with trivalent chromium in environment and hexavalent form, Cr (Ⅲ) toxicity is small, not easy migration, and the toxicity of chromium (VI) is big, easy to be absorbed by human body, through the food chain in the biological enrichment, and cannot be microbes, is a recognized mutagenic substances that cause cancer. Chromium is the migration of pollutants, after entering the environment, easily lead to soil and groundwater pollution, therefore, to study the transition and transformation of chromium in soil, it is very necessary. This article analyzed the existing form and transformation of chromium in the soil, to reveal the morphological characteristics of cadmium in the soil with different properties and its influencing factors, and to accurately evaluate the quality of soil health, soil environmental protection and soil cadmium pollution prevention is of positive significance. Key words: chromium; Soil properties; Chemical form; Migration into 引言 土壤中铬通常是以r(VI)和Cr(III)2种价态存在的,两者的毒性和化学行为相差甚大,Cr(VI)以阴离子的形态存在,一般不易被土壤所吸附,具有较高的活性,对植物易产生毒害,Cr(VI)被认为具有致癌作用;而Cr(III)极易被土壤胶体吸附和形成沉淀,其活动性差,产生的危害相对较轻,对动植物和微生物的毒性一般Cr(VI)比Cr(III)大得多。但单从价态来区分并不能反映土壤环境中铬的真实存在形态。土壤是一个多组分多相的复杂体系,存在着各种结合态的铬,它们对环境的毒性和植物的有效性也是不一样的。 1铬的性质及形态分类 铬(VI)有致癌作用,而铬(Ⅲ)则是人体必需的微量元素。土壤中可溶性铬毒害作用较不溶性铬迅速。土壤中的铬主要是3价和6价铬,3价铬最稳定。在土壤溶液中,铬(Ⅵ)通常以?CrO42-和?Cr2O72-形式存在,一般被土壤胶体吸附较弱,具有较高的活性,对植物的毒害作用较强。而铬(Ⅲ)主要以Cr(H2O)63+、Cr(OH2)2+?、CrO2-形式存在,极易被土壤胶体吸附或形成沉淀,其活性较差,对植物的毒害作用相对较轻。在一定条件下,土壤中的铬(Ⅵ)和