西氏内科学序言中英文.docVIP

　APPROACH TO MEDICINE, THE PATIENT, AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION: MEDICINE AS A LEARNED AND HUMANE PROFESSION　　医学、病人和医学专业概说：医学是一门博爱而人道的职业　　APPROACH TO MEDICINE　　医学概说　　Medicine is a profession that incorporates science and the scientific method with the art of being a physician. 医学是一门科学与科学方法同医生的从业技艺相结合的职业。　　The art of tending to the sick is as old as humanity itself. 研究疾病的技艺，像人类本身一样古老。　　Even in modern times, the art of caring and comforting, guided by millennia of common sense as well as a more recent, systematic approach to medical ethics ( Chapter 2 ), remains the cornerstone of medicine. 即使在现代，关心和照料病人、减轻病人痛苦，即医疗和舒适的原则，仍旧是医学实践的基石，它是在当今盛世人们共识的指导之下，以更现代的系统性方法，对医学伦理学的追求。　　Without these humanistic qualities, the application of the modern science of medicine is suboptimal, useless, or even detrimental. 如果没有这些人道主义的特征，作为现代科学的医学实践就不是很理想的，而是无用甚至是有害的。　　The caregivers of ancient times and premodern cultures tried a variety of interventions to help the afflicted. 古代和前现代文化中的保健人员，也试图以各种干预措施来帮助病人。　　Some of their potions contained what are now known to be active ingredients that form the basis for proven medications ( Chapter 27 ). Others ( Chapter 34 ) have persisted into the present era despite a lack of convincing evidence. 其中有些内容，就是在现在已被证实有效的医疗体系中，仍然是重要的积极因素（第27 章），有些虽然没有令人信服的证据，但却一直沿用至今（第34 章）。　　Modern medicine should not dismiss the possibility that these unproven approaches may be helpful, but it should adopt a guiding principle that all interventions, whether traditional or newly developed, can be tested vigorously, with the expectation that any beneficial effects can be explored further to determine their scientific basis. 现代医学不应轻率弃掷它们，因为这些未经证实的方法，仍有可能是于人有益的，因此应该采取这样的指导原则：一切治疗方法，无论是传统的还是新提出的，都应进行严格的检验，使得一切有利疗法都能得到进一步探索，找出它们的科学依据。　　Compared with its long and generally distinguished history of caring and comforting, the scientific basis of medicine is remarkably recent. 关心和照料病人、减轻病人痛苦的职业，已有漫长的历史，也是人们熟知的，相形之下，医学的科学基础则还是相当年轻的事物。　　Other than an understanding of human