computational aeroacoustics 计算气动声学 讲义.doc

COURSE 5 COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS R. MANKBADI Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, U.S.A., and ICOMP, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A. i Contents 1 Fundamentals of sound transmission 261 1.1 One-dimensional wave analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 1.2 Three-dimensional sound waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 1.3 Sound spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 1.4 Logarithmic scales for rating noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 2 Aircraft noise sources 271 2.1 Noise regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 2.2 Contribution from various components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 2.3 Engine noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 3 Methodology for jet noise 278 3.1 Jet noise physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 3.2 CAA for jet noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 3.3 Wave-like sound source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 3.4 Lighthill’s theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 3.5 Kirckho?’s solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 4 Algorithms and boundary treatment 290 4.1 Algorithms for CAA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 4.2 Boundary treatment for CAA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 5 Large-eddy simulations and linearized Euler 298 5.1 Large-eddy simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 5.2 Linearized Euler equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 i COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS R. Mankbadi 1 Fundamentals of sound transmission Sound propagates as a wave that evolves as it travels away from the source. Far from the source, its curvature diminishes and it resembles a one-dimen- sional plane wave propagating radically outward with constant speed, c (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Sound waves