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The 18th Century;The Enlightenment Movement ;The enlighteners considered the chief means for the betterment of the society was “enlightenment” or “education” for the people.
The Enlightener celebrated reason or ration, equality, science and human beings’ ability to perfect themselves and their society. They called for a reference to order, reason & rules & advocated universal education.
Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden, Alexander pope & so on.
;Neoclassicism ;Sentimentalism;But they attacked the progressive aspect of this great social change in order to eliminate it and sighed for the return of the patriarchal times which they idealized.
Sentimentalism embraces a pessimistic outlook and blames reason and the Industrial Revolution for the miseries and injustices in the aristocratic-bourgeois society and? indulges in sentiment, hence the definite signs of decadence in the literary works of the sentimental tradition.
;Development;the last decades of the 18th century
Neo-classicism
Samuel Johnson (poetry and prose)
sentimentalism
Edward Young and Thomas Gray (poetry)
Laurence Sterne and Oliver Goldsmith (prose fiction )
pre-romanticism
William Blake and Robert Burns (poetry)
;Classification;Daniel Defoe;His major works ;The Characteristics of his Novels ;Robinson Crusoe (1719);Character analysis;Jonathan Swift;His Main Works;Gulliver’s Travels;Gulliver’s Travels (1726): a masterpiece of satire not only on all parts of Britain but also on the vice, folly and weakness of the whole mankind
Part I: voyage to Lilliput (小人国), the land of miniature
Part II: voyage to Brobdingnag (大人国), the land of giant
Part Ⅲ: voyage to Laputa(飞岛)
Part IV: voyage to the land of Houyhnhnms慧恩,具有人类理性的马匹, a noble breed of thinking, talking, high-minded horses
filthy inferior creature called Yahoos: the human race
Jonathan’s point of view:
Houyhnhnms: noble and rational yet cold and dull
Yahoos(格列弗游记 中的一种人形兽): low yet natur
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