关于指导原则的介绍性说明.pptVIP

United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesRepresentation in Kenyapresentation to Kenya judges, Naivasha, 25 April 2008 Largest internal displacement situations 2006: Sudan (5 M), Colombia (2-3 M), Iraq (1.7–2 M) Uganda (1.7 M), DRC (1.1 M) Major new displacement during 2006/7: Lebanon, DRC, Iraq, Israel, Central African Republic, Chad Major return movements during 2006: Sudan (South), Lebanon, DRC, Uganda, Israel. IDPs have special needs ... Problems usually not faced by those who remain in their homes: Lack of shelter and problems related to camps Loss of property and access to livelihoods Discrimination because of being displaced Lack of identity cards Lack of access to services Lack of political rights Restitution of/compensation for lost property Problems of return and integration ... ... and are especially vulnerable IDPs run a higher risk than those remaining at home: to have their children forcibly recruited to become victims of gender-based violence to become separated from family members to be excluded from education to be without a job. II. Who is an IDP? “... internally displaced persons are persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border” = two elements: (1) coercive / involuntary character of movement, (2) such movement takes place within national borders III. The Rights of IDPs: The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement 1992: Creation of the Mandate of the Representative of the UN Secretary General on Internal Displacement 1994: Request to elaborate an “appropriate normative framework” 1998: Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement 2005: World Summit: Recognition as “important international fr