国立中兴大学生命科学系生物统计学.docVIP

國立中興大學生命科學系生物統計學 2009年第一次段考 請詳細寫出解題過程，只寫答案不給分，總分100分 The clinical trial of a polio vaccine involved 200,000 children treated with the Salk vaccine and 200,000 other children given a placebo. Only 33 of the children in the Salk treatment group later developed polio, but 115 of the children in the placebo group later developed polio (共10分) Are the given values discrete or continuous? (2) Identify the level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) for the numbers 33 and 115. (2) If 50 children form the treatment group are randomly selection and their average (mean) age is calculated, is the result a statistic or a parameter? (2) What would be wrong with gauging opinions about this clinical trial by mailing a questionnaire that parents could complete and mail back? (4) Ans a. Discrete, since children are measured as whole numbers, fractions of children are not possible. b. Ratio, since there is a natural zero point and each child is equivalent c. Statistic, since the average is a measure based on a sample selected from the larger population. d. This could be a very emotional situation where parents whose children developed polio might feel they did not receive an effective treatment because they were assigned to a control situation and their children were deprived of receiving an effective preventive treatment. There could easily be respondent bias resulting from what happened with their children in the study. Those more likely to respond to the survey would be those with strong feelings one way or another.  In a study of the relationship between heights and trunk diameters of trees, botany students collected sample data. Listed below are the tree circumferences (in cm). Using the circumferences listed below, (每小題5分，共25分) 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.4 5.1 3.1 5.5 5.1 8.3 13.7 5.3 4.9 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.4 5.2 4.1 3.7 3.9 a. construct a box-plot b. find the P10 c. convert the circumference of 13.7 cm to a z score. d. In the context of these sample data, is the circumference of