法律英语课后翻译题.docVIP

法律英语翻译 第一课 The Federal courts and many state courts of original jurisdiction hear both civil and criminal cases. In appellate courts, attorneys are confined to the role of discussing disputed points of law by means of written briefs and limited oral arguments. If you were to start a lawsuit in a court, you would have to see that the defendant or his property must be found within the jurisdiction of the court. In the civil suits, the purpose of the pleadings to frame an issue filled by the litigants is for fair and just trial. If the case is tried by a jury, the issues of fact are settled, within limits determined by the judge, by the jury’s verdict. 第二课 A corporation is a legal entity created by law, with an identify distinct from that of its members or organizers, and endowed with certain powers to be exercised in its designated corporate name. A corporation is a fictitious person existing in contemplation of law. One of its distinctive attributes is its capacity of perpetual succession, or stockholders. The earliest types of corporations in England were not business corporations and were not the kind of organizations with which we are presently concerned. The earliest chartered English trading or business companies were joint-stock companies, such as the East India Company and the Houdon’s Bay Company. Corporations are variously classified according to different bases. Under one basis of classification, corporations are either aggregate (the usual form) or sole. They are either public or private. And private corporations are either profit (the ordinary business corporation) or nonprofit(the charitable corporation). In addition to the foregoing classifications, the term “holding company” is frequently applied to a corporation whose sole or principal business is holding the stock of one or more other corporations. By definition, a corporation is an entity distinct from its individual members or stockholders, and is vested in the corporation itself, and not in the st