（河南专用）2020版中考英语语法过关专题十二非谓语动词课件人教新目标版.pptx

专题十二　非谓语动词考点突破考点一　动词不定式 考点二　动名词考点一　动词不定式一、动词不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to。这里的to是动词不定式符号,本身无词义。动词不定式的否定形式是not(+to)+动词原形。考点突破二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room every day.=To clean the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打扫这个房间。多数情况下,动词不定式作表语可转换为作主语宾语—What sports does he like to play?——他喜欢做什么运动?—He likes to play basketball.——他喜欢打篮球。只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语补语My mother made me play the piano all the time.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词或感官动词后,动词不定式省略to(但在被动语态中to不能被省略)定语Have you got anything to say?你有什么要说的吗?动词不定式作定语,要放在被修饰词的后面状语Im sorry to trouble you.我很抱歉给你添麻烦了。(表原因)I went to the library to study English.我去图书馆学英语了。(表目的)动词不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子主语一致1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在后面,其结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如:It is useful to learn English well.学好英语是很有用的。Its important for us to protect the environment.对我们来说,保护环境很重要。注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等形容人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。2.动词不定式作宾语只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。如:I would like to see a film this evening.今晚我想去看电影。注意:(1)常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree(同意), plan(计划), want(想要), learn(学会), expect(期望), decide(决定), wish(希望), pretend(假装), arrange(安排), promise(承诺), refuse(拒绝), prepare(准备), hope(希望), would like(想要), manage(设法)等。(2)find,think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如:I find it easy to speak English.我觉得说英语很容易。(3)常见的一些后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语的结构。why not...,had better(not)...,would rather,could/would you please(not)...。如:I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。3.动词不定式作表语多数情况下不定式作表语可转换为主语。如:His job is to clean the office every day.=To clean the office every day is his job.他的工作就是每天打扫办公室。4.动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。如:Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西叫他把收音机调小点儿声。tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补,这时动词不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice),但变为被动语态时,必须加