汉英翻译课件之-句子翻译之主语确定.ppt

句子翻译 之 主语确定 2、花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。（周而复；上海的早晨） The garden was a paradise on earth, which is full of super abundant finest rice and top noodles, silks and satins that are too many to wear, jewellery that is more than you can spend. The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent. （减词） 6）我想要他画一张他没有画过的画，我说：“你给我画一张册页，从来没有画过 的。”他欣然答应了，……（艾青） I wanted him to paint me something he’d never painted before. When I asked him, he readily agreed. 汉语句子中主语可由不同类型的词语充当，主语隐含或无主语的情况时有发生。 例如： 宿舍门口今天停满了小汽车。 星期天下大雪。 在桌子上有两本字典。 绿油油的草地上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。 必须对党员，特别是领导干部要严格要求，严格管理，严格监督。 起大风了。 英语句子则主语突出，易于识别，且只能由名词或名词性词语或主格人称代词充当。 在英语里，除祈使句等外，句子必须要有主语，否则就不成句子。 We must be courageous enough to venture on experiments as far as reforms are concerned. Despite the serious damage in flooding, China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide efforts to deal with flooding. The first and basic experience gained in our financial work over the last years was that it is correct to secure supplies through economic growth. 汉译英时主语确定 1 以原文主语作为译文主语； 当汉语原文有明确的主语，而且该主语由名词或主格人称代词充当时，我们可以以原主语作为英译文的主语。 我们的房子是十年前建造的。---Our house was built over ten years ago. 假日里，青年人成双成对漫步在公园里。--The young people in pairs and couples rambled about the park on holidays. 我们每个人都知道，大气污染不仅影响了环境，而且严重损害了人的健康，大大缩短了人的寿命。 Everyone of us knows that air pollution does more than affect our environment; it also shortens the lives of human beings. 2 重新确定主语 由于中国人和英美人的思维方式和语言习惯存在较大差异，汉语主语并非总能完全对应地转换英语中。 在许多情况下，我们需要重新选择和确定主语，以保证译文行文流畅，语言自然地道。 鲁迅的骨头是最硬的. --Lu Hsun’s bones were the hardest. --Lu Xun was a man of unyielding integrity. 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 ---At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. ---The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. 胎又瘪了。 --the tire turns flat again. ---we have got another flat tire. 我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。--- The development of our relations has made us not only clo