国际贸易 英语chap012讲解.ppt

12.7 Trade blocs among developing countries ? Efforts by developing countries to form trade blocs failed in the 1960s and 1970s, but they have become more successful since 1990. ? Trade among the MERCOSUR countries in South America expanded since the bloc was formed in 1991, but some of this expanded intrabloc trade is trade diversion. 12.7 发展中国家的贸易集团 ? 发展中国家建立贸易集团的努力在 20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代遭遇了失败。但是自 1990 年以 来取得了很大的成功。 ? 南方共同市场内成员国间的贸易从 1991 年集 团成立以来得到快速增长，但其中的一些集团 内贸易的增长是由贸易转移造成的。 12.8 Trade embargoes ? Trade discrimination can be more belligerent — a trade block instead of a trade bloc. A nation or group of nations can keep ordinary barriers on its trade with most countries, but insist on making trade with a particular country or countries difficult or impossible. ? To wage economic warfare, nations have often imposed economic sanctions or embargoes , which are discriminatory restrictions or bans on economic exchange. What is being restricted or banned can be ordinary trade, or it can be trade in services or financial assets, as in the case of a ban on loans to a particular country. INTERNATIONAL TRADE 国际贸易 天津师范大学管理学院 周 红 博士 副教授 Chapter 12 Trade Blocs and Trade Blocks 贸易集团和贸易禁运 Outlines of chapter 12 ? Types of economic blocs ? Is trade discrimination good or bad? ? The basic theory of trade blocs: trade creation and trade diversion ? Other possible gains from a trade bloc ? The EU Experience ? North America becomes a bloc ? Trade blocs among developing countries ? Trade embargoes Outlines of chapter 12 ? 贸易集团的类型 ? 贸易歧视的利弊 ? 贸易集团的基础理论：贸易创造和贸易转移 ? 可能从贸易集团获得的其他收益 ? 欧盟的经验 ? 北美成为一个贸易集团 ? 发展中国家的贸易集团 ? 贸易禁运 12.1 Types of economic blocs ? Trade bloc : A group of countries that have agreed to have low or no barriers on trade among themselves, while maintaining regular barriers to trade with countries outside the bloc. ? Free-trade area ? custom union ? Common market ? Economic union