考研英语长难句和经典词汇教学文稿.docVIP

考研英语长难句和经典词汇 精品文档 精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 考研英语真题经典长难句精析【前10句】 1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will makeit difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion thatmakes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 结构分析: 句子的主干是This will beparticularly true…。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energyAmerican fashion。在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine fewfarmers with high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields是状语），possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。 译文： 这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。 2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure thatthe scale with which we are comparing our subjects providesa“valid”or“fair”comparison. 结构分析: 句子的主干是we must be sure…。since引导原因状语从句the assessment ofintelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引导的宾语从句that the scale withwhich we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词with+which引导的定语从句with which we arecomparing our subjects修饰先行词the scale。scale在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。 译文： 既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。 3. In general，the tests work most effectively when thequalities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectivelywhen what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined. 结构分析: 句子的框架是the tests work mosteffectively when…and least effectively when…。and连接两个并列分句，每个并列分句中皆有一个when引导的时间状语从句分别说明work most effectively和and（work）least effectively。第二个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从句what…predicted。the tests是主句的主语，work为动词做谓语。qualities在此处是可数名词，不译为“质量”，而译为“特征”。defined不能直译为“被定义为”，而应译为主动语态“界定”。 译文：一般来说，当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定时，测试最为有效;而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定时，测试效果最差。 4. For example，they do not compensate for gross socialinequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivilegedyoungster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumsta