免耕与覆盖对土壤微生物生理类群的影响.docVIP

免耕与覆盖对土壤微生物生理类群的影响 曹文亮,张丽华,王　静 (甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州　730070 　　摘要:通过设置在甘肃省定西市李家堡镇的长期田间定位试验,采用微生物常规分析法测定土壤中固氮菌、氨化细菌和纤维素分解菌的数量,研究不同轮作次序、不同耕作方式与覆盖条件对土壤微生物生理类群的影响.试验结果表明:轮作次序对土壤微生物生理类群影响不大;免耕耕作方式下,微生物量增加主要表现在土壤表层中.免耕配合秸秆覆盖与传统耕作相比,耕层固氮菌、氨化细菌、纤维素分解菌分别增加了24.8%、10.1%、65.4%,说明免耕与覆盖对土壤生理类群数量的影响显著. 　　关键词:免耕;覆盖;固氮菌;氨化细菌;纤维素分解菌 　　中图分类号:S152.4+5　　　　文献标识码:A　　　　　文章编号:100324315(20080620123204 Effect s of no2tillage and cover on t he soil microbial populations CAO Wen2liang,ZHAN G Li2hua,WAN G Jing (College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou730070,China 　　Abstract:The effect s of cover,cultivation and rotation system on t he soil microbial pop ulations were st udied in t his paper t hrough t he t rial designed in Lijiabu Town,Anding dist rict,Dingxi County of Gansu Province.The experiment result s showed t hat t he rotation sequence had little effect on t he soil microbial pop ulations in different cover and cultivatio n systems.The number of soil microbial under no2tillage had a higher pop ulation in t he soil surface layer.Co mpared no2tillage wit h st raw cover and conventional tillage, nit rogen2fixing bacteria had increased by24.8%in cultivation,ammonifying bacteria had increased by 10.1%in cultivation,and cellulose decompo sing microorganisms had increased by65.4%in cultivation. No-tillage and cover had significant effect s on t he soil microbial pop ulatio ns. 　　K ey w ords:no2tillage;cover;nit rogen2fixing bacteria;ammonifying bacteria;cellulose decomposing mi2 croorganisms 　　固氮菌、氨化菌与纤维素分解菌,作为微生物生理类群的三大组分,在土壤中具有十分重要的作用.固氮菌是将土壤中植物残体含氮的物质,分解转化成作物可以直接吸收的氮素,从而达到固定土壤中氮素的一类细菌;氨化细菌可以参加氨化作用,将土壤中有机氨化合物转化为氨化氮;而纤维素分解菌 作者简介:曹文亮(19822,男,甘肃敦煌人,在读硕士.研究方向为营养生态. 通讯作者:张丽华,女,副教授,主要从事微生物的教学与研究工作.资助基金:中澳合作项目ACIAR“提高甘肃黄土高原西部雨养农业系统的生产力及其可持续性”(L WR2/1999/094. 收稿日期:2007206225可以将土壤中的纤维素分解成部分糖类物质、半纤维素及果胶等物质,是土壤中纤维素降解的主要微生物[1],这三种微生物在土壤中的作用既相辅相成,而又相互独立. 　　国内外长期研究表明:秸秆覆盖免耕能有效控制水土流失,增加土壤有效持水量,调节地温,改善生态环境.免耕秸秆覆盖耕作与传统耕作相比,可促进土壤养分转化,改善土壤物理性状,协调水、肥、气、热和各肥力因素,增产效果明显[227]