人工智能与数据挖掘教学课件lect 5 13 文档资料.pptVIP

1 Chapter 3 Basic Data Mining Techniques 3.3 The K-Means Algorithm (For cluster analysis) 2019/3/16 AIDM BUPT 2 1. What is Cluster Analysis (clustering) ? ? Cluster ( 簇 ): a collection of data objects – Similar to one another within the same cluster – Dissimilar to the objects in other clusters – High quality clusters: ? high intra-class similarity ? low inter-class similarity ? Cluster analysis ( 聚类分析 ) – Grouping a set of data objects into clusters ? Clustering is unsupervised learning (unsupervised classification) : no predefined classes. It is a form of learning by observation, rather than learning by examples. ? Typical applications – As a stand-alone tool to get insight into data distribution – As a preprocessing step for other algorithms 2019/3/16 AIDM BUPT 3 Examples of Clustering Applications (I) ? 聚类分析在客户细分中的应用 消费同一种类的商品或服务时，不同的客户 有不同的消费特点，通过研究这些特点，企业可 以制定出不同的营销组合，从而获取最大的消费 者剩余，这就是客户细分的主要目的。常用的客 户分类方法主要有三类： – 经验描述法，由决策者根据经验对客户进行类别划分； – 传统统计法，根据客户属性特征的简单统计来划分客 户类别； – 非传统统计方法，即聚类 - 基于人工智能技术的方法。 2019/3/16 AIDM BUPT 4 Examples of Clustering Applications (II) ? Marketing: Help marketers discover distinct groups in their customer bases, and then use this knowledge to develop targeted marketing programs ? Insurance: Identifying groups of motor insurance policy holders with a high average claim cost ? City-planning: Identifying groups of houses according to their house types, values, and geographical locations 2019/3/16 AIDM BUPT 5 Example Price($) 7 20 22 50 51 53 2019/3/16 AIDM BUPT 6 Example Price($) Equi-width (width $10) 7 [0,10] 20 [11,20] 22 [21,30] 50 [31,40] 51 [41,50] 53 [51,60] 2019/3/16 AIDM BUPT 7 Example Price($) Equi-width (width $10) Equi-depth (depth 2) 7 [0,10] [7,20] 20 [11,20] [22,50] 22 [21,30] [51,53] 50 [31,40] 51 [41,50] 53 [51,60] 2019/3/16 AIDM BUPT 8 Example Price($) Equi-width (width $10) Equi-depth (depth 2) Distance- based 7 [0,10] [7,20] [7,7] 20 [11