静态和动态解析.ppt

静态与动态 Static Vs. Dynamic  英语倾向于多用名词和形容词,因而叙述 呈静态( static);汉语倾向于多用动词 和副词,因而叙述呈动态( dynamic)  英语的静态倾向表现在以下几个方面: 1.以名词表达动词概念(又叫“名词化” nominalization) 如用名词表示施事者,这类名词往往由动词派生而来(如以 er/o结尾)。如 He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 他能吃能睡 或用抽象名词来表达动作、行为、变化、状态等 The doctors extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 医生迅速到达,并非常仔细地检查了病人,因此病人很 快就康复了。  在许多情况下,用名词代动词可以使行文和表意都更简洁、 灵活。 但是过分使用名词会使文句冗长、死板、甚至费解。 英语科技性和学术性文体都喜欢名词化。以下这段选自美 国大学的教科书,名词化现象大大增加了文本的理解难  The aim of this study is to work out an empirical method of conversaitonal analysis capable of recovering the social assumptions that underlie the verbal communication process by focusing on actors use of speech to interact i.e. to create and maintain a particular definition of a social situation (John Gumperz: The conversaitonal analysis of Social Meaning- A Study of Classroom Interaction 如果把这段话加以改写,动词取代名词,主动取代被动,就 大大增加其可读性 In this book we aim to study how to work out an empirica method by which we can analyze how people converse together. We hope to be able to recover what it is that people assume when they communicate by talking together We shall focus on how speakers use speech to interact-- that is, how they create and maintain what they define as the meaning of a social situation