美国文学史发展概况(老师给的复习提纲).pdf

美国文学史复习提纲 th 一、殖民主义时期的文学 (The Literature of Colonial America) 17 .c 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：① narratives 日记 , ②journals 游记 2 、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）about their voyage to the new land 2) about adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) about dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Puritans wished to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology. 重建教堂，提供简 单服务，建立神圣地位 3）Puritans looked upon themselves as a people chosen by God, and it followed logically that anyone who challenged their way of life was opposing God's will and was not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民， 对他们的生活有异议就是反 对上帝 4 ）Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐 的地步 5 ）Puritan religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God and to forget his mercy. 强调上帝严厉的 一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4 、典型的清教徒： John Cotton 约翰 科登· ， Roger William 罗杰 威廉姆斯· 他们的不同： John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5 、William 的宗教观点： Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并 没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6 、英国最早移民到美国的诗人： Anne Bradstreet 安妮 布雷兹特里特· ( 女 ) sincere belief in God 7 、在殖民时期最好的清