全球碳循环_Carbon Policy Development and Kyoto Protocol_1（英文）.pptVIP

Objectives: estimate the C in living biomass, forest floor, and soil for the base year 1990; estimate C changes in these pools between 1991 and 2000, and the effects of climate change and forest ecosystem disturbances; develop a model (CBM-TRIPLEX) that will predict future Ontario’s forest carbon budget to the year 2010. Approach: CBM-CFS2: Carbon Budget Model of Canadian Forest Sector Forest Carbon Budgets Forest Carbon : System Diagram How Does CBM-CFS2 work for Ontario ? GHG Market Is Beginning The Benefits of CDM: The GHG benefits of each CDM project will be measured according to internationally agreed methods and will be quantified in standards units- Called CERs (Certified Emission Reductions). The CERs are expressed in tons of CO2 emission avoided The rulebook for CDM set forth in the Marrakesh Accords (COP7) focus on Project that reduce emissions. Rule are being developed, however, for adoption at COP 9, for including afforestation and reforestation activities in the CDM for the first commitment period. COP 7 (2001) 5. The Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector (LULUCF) – (called Kyoto Lands) ? The Article 3.3 of the KP establishes that emission and removals From the following activities in the LULUCF sector shall be Accounted for help meet emissions targets: - Reforestation; Afforestation and Deforestation ? The Marrakesh Accord designate four additional eligible activities in the LULUCF sector, including: Forest management Cropland management Grazing land management; and Re-vegetation “Afforestation” – is the direct human-induced conversion of land that has not been forested for a period of at least 50 years to forested land trough planting, seeding, and /or the human-induced promotion of natural seed sources. “ Reforestation” - is the direct human-induced conversion of non-forested land to forested land through planting, seeding or the human-induced promotion of natural seed sources, on land that was forested but that has been c