英汉词法翻译2pt课件.ppt

31 [ < ] In terms of conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessary to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. As a matter of fact, conversion in the English language is very common. Let's take the word “round” for example: a)This is the first round . b)There is a round table in the room. c)Round the corner slowly. d)He walked round the table. 32 So, conversion is one of the important techniques and is needed primarily by the differences in syntactic structure and idiomatical way in the two languages. Conversion occurs on many occasions. But the most commonly seen are as follow: 1. 转译成动词 英语和汉语相比较，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点。 往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个 动词或动词性结构连用。如： He admires the President's stated decision to fight for the job . ( 他对总统声明为保持其职位而决心 奋斗表示钦佩。 ) 仅这一个句子，就可领悟到英汉互译中词类转 译的必要性。 [ < ] 33 A. 由动词的派生词名词（或含有动作意义的 名词）转译为动词 2. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph 无论什么事情，只要他一 露面 ，就算是成功了。 3. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of translation. 读一点世界史，对学习翻译是有帮助的。 4. A view of Mt. E-mei can be obtained from here. 从这儿可以看到峨嵋山。 [ < ] 34 5. He is no smoker , but his father is a chain-smoker. 6. He was a regular visitor . 他倒是不 抽烟 ，但他的爸爸却一支接一支地抽（是个 老烟枪）。 他经常 来 。 B. 英语中加后缀 -er, -or 的名词，在句中并不表身 份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意义。 7. What kind of sailor are you? (a bad sailor or a good sailor?) 你 晕不晕 船？ [ < ] 35 8. “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “ 来啊 !” 她转身蹦着跳着地跑了 , 越过 草地 , 跑上 小径 , 跨上 台阶 , 穿过 凉台 , 进了 门廊。 C. 前置词转换为动词 那天她在日出前就起来了 . 琼斯把窗子打开 , 让新鲜空气 进来 . 10. That day she was up before sunrise. 9. Jones opened the windows to let fresh air in . [ < ] 36 2. 转译成名词 A. Verbs-Nouns 英语中有许多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的 动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将 其转译成汉语的名词。如： 1. She behaves as if she were a child. 她的 举止 跟一个孩子一样。 2. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.