东南大学学术论文写作-单元3Unit3教学课件.pptVIP

B. Citing Verbs Read the following three extracts on the issue of poverty and crime. Use appropriate verbs to cite the underlined opinions and integrate them into one paragraph as part of a literature review. III. Language Focus Extract 1 Extract 2 Extract 3 A study by McClatchy Newspapers, released in March finds that the ranks of the severely impoverished are rapidly escalating. The study found that the percentage of poor Americans who are living in extreme poverty has reached a 32-year high. Today nearly 16 million Americans live in “deep or severe poverty.” This is defined as individuals living at half of the federal poverty line. This drastic rise in the level of poverty extends beyond the traditional ghetto and, reaches to suburban and rural communities. At the same time, the poverty rise creates severe social problems. (By Joseph Williams, 2010) Starting from the 70s, studies in the US pointed more and more at the link between unemployment, poverty and crime. After that, other connections with income level, schooling, neighborhood quality, education, etc. were revealed as well. Fresh research from the UK even indicates that economic cycles may affect variations in property and violent crimes. But most important of all, the unmistakable characteristic of poverty and crime is that they’re both geographically concentrated in the same areas. In other words, where you find poverty is also where you find crime. And this reveals the strong connection between the two issues. (By Carl Holmes, 2011) Sociologist and criminal justice scholars have found a direct correlation between poverty and crime. One economic theory of crime assumes that people weigh the consequences of committing crime. They resort to crime only if the cost or consequences are outweighed by the potential benefits to be gained. The logical conclusion to this theory is that people living in poverty are far more likely to commit property crimes such as burglary, larceny, or theft. (By David Garland, 2