考研英语2007阅读翻译.pdfVIP

目录 Section I Use of English paragraph 1 到 1830 年为止，西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地都成为了独立的国 家。 这些国家的大约 2000 万居民满怀信心地展望未来。 许多独立斗争的领导人出生于旧政权和伊比利亚殖民主义的危 急时刻，他们怀有共同的治国理念：创建代议制政府、职业对人才开放、 实行商业和贸易自由和私有财产权，并且相信个体是社会的基础。 当时普遍存在这样的信念：新国家应该是拥有主权的、独立的国 家，应该足以在经 上养活国民，并且通过一套共同的法律使国家统 一在一起。 paragraph 2 然而，在宗教自由和教会地位的问题上，领导阶层之间的意见就 不那么一致了。 罗马天主教过去是西班牙国教，并且是西班牙国王允许的唯一宗 教。 虽然大多数领导人试图继续将天主教作为新国家的官方宗教，但 是一些领导人却试图结束将其他信仰排斥在外的局面。 保护教会成为保守势力的战斗口号。 paragraph 3 早期的独立领导人的理想通常是平等主义，重视一切平等。 玻利瓦尔曾从海地获得了援助，作为回报，他承诺在他解放的地 区废除奴隶制。 到 1854 年，除了西班牙残存的殖民地以外，其他地方的奴隶制 都已经被废除。 先前做出的结束印第安人进贡和停止向混血人种征税的承诺实 现起来就缓慢得多，因为新国家仍然需要这些政策产生的财政收入。 平等主义思想经常会被一些担忧所冲淡，这些担忧就是普通大众 还没有为自治和民主做好准备。 paragraph 1 By 1830,the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked hopefully to the future.Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism,many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. paragraph 2 On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the Church, however there was less agreement among the leadership.Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one allowed by the Spanish crown. while most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths.The defense of the Church became a rallying cry for the conservative forces. paragraph 3 The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian,