Dsmpzgf新编简明英语语言学教程笔记.pdfVIP

精品文档 生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时 间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。 －－泰戈尔 Chapter one Introduction 一、定义 1. 语言学 Linguistics Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2. 普通语言学 General Linguistics The study of language as a whole is often called General linguistics. 3. 语言 language Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 语言是人类用来交际的任意性的有声符号体系。 4. 识别特征 Design Features It refers to the defining poperties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication. 语言识别特征是指人类语言区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征。 Arbitrariness 任意性 Productivity 多产性 Duality 双重性 Displacement 移位性 Cultural transmission 文化传递 ⑴arbitrariness There is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. P.S the arbitrary nature of language is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions ⑵Productivity Animals are quite limited in the messages they are able to send. ⑶Duality Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures ,or two levels. ⑷Displacement Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. ⑸Cultural transmission Humancapacity for language has a genetic basis, but we have to be taught and learned the details of any language system. this showed that language is culturally transmitted. not by instinct. animals are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species. 5. 语言能力 Competence Competence is the ideal user ’s knowledge of the rules of his language. 6. 语言运用 performance 。