2018届高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意题课件.ppt

专题一 阅读理解 第 讲 主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要考查对全文的内容或某一段的内容 的归纳总结能力，是在对原文深刻理解基础上的高度概 括能力，是高考中的难点之一。 常见的命题方式有： ① What is the best title for this passage? ② Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? ③ What's the main idea of the text? ④ The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that________ ． 一、主旨大意题正确选项的特征 1 ．通常不含细节信息的词。 2 ．通常不含绝对意义的词。 3 ．能概括全文或某段的全部内容；涵盖性强，精确 度强，恰当的表意范围和情感色彩。 二、主旨大意题干扰项的特征 1 ．过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的 范围。 2 ．以偏概全，主次不分。只概括了文章一部分的内 容，或以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。 3 ．移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语 意范围，或者把属于 A 的内容放在 B 上。 4 ．主观臆测，无中生有，虽符合一般常理，选项中 关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无 关。 一、标题归纳题 标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对 性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些 贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。 题干中关键词常常有 title for the passage ， title for the text 等；干扰项表现为概括不够，部分代替整体，过 度概括，人为扩大范围；以事实或细节代替抽象概念的 大意。 【真题例析】 (2016· 全国卷 Ⅰ ，阅读理解 D) The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful ， or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness ， uneasiness ， or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable ； therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap( 间隙 ) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people ， just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore ， when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops ， what may be implied( 暗示 ) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures ， silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways ， particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example ， Rus