已知平行截面面积求立体的体积：图形、动画、计算1教程教案.ppt

July 1, 2012 四川大学数学学院 徐小湛 已知平行截面的面积求体积 （切片法） 蜀南竹海 用数学软件Maple作了有关动画 这些动画生动地显示了立体的形成过程 计算了一些立体的体积 f:=x->(3/2)*(x^2/10+x^4/150+2): a:=-3:b:=3: Integrate(f(x),x=a..b)=integrate(f(x),x=a..b); 现在来求这个立体的体积 这个立体叫做正劈锥体 with(plots): R:=1: f:=x->sqrt(R^2-x^2): g:=x->-sqrt(R^2-x^2): a:=-R:b:=R:H:=2: xzou:=spacecurve([x,0,0],x=a-1..b+1,thickness=3,color=black): yzou:=spacecurve([0,y,0],y=a-1..b+1,thickness=3,color=black): base:=plot3d([x,y,0],x=a..b,y=g(x)..f(x),color=grey,style=patchnogrid): quxian:=spacecurve([R*cos(t),R*sin(t),0],t=0..2*Pi,thickness=3,color=red): K:=60:for i from 0 to K do xi:=a+i*(b-a)/K: sanjiaoxing[i]:=spacecurve([[xi,g(xi),0],[xi,f(xi),0],[xi,(f(xi)+g(xi))/2,H],[xi,g(xi),0]],thickness=3,color=blue): sanjiaoban[i]:=plot3d([xi,y,z],y=(f(xi)+g(xi))/2-(f(xi)-g(xi))/2*(1-z/H)..(f(xi)+g(xi))/2+(f(xi)-g(xi))/2*(1-z/H),z=0..H,color=yellow,style=patchnogrid): qumian1[i]:=plot3d([x,f(x)+(-f(x)+g(x))/2*t,H*t],t=0..1,x=a..xi,color=green): qumian2[i]:=plot3d([x,g(x)+(f(x)-g(x))/2*t,H*t],t=0..1,x=a..xi,color=green)od: sanjiaoxing:=display(seq(sanjiaoxing[i],i=0..K),insequence=true): sanjiaoban:=display(seq(sanjiaoban[i],i=0..K),insequence=true): qumian1:=display(seq(qumian1[i],i=0..K),insequence=true): qumian2:=display(seq(qumian2[i],i=0..K),insequence=true): display(xzou,yzou,base,quxian,sanjiaoban,sanjiaoxing,qumian1,qumian2,scaling=constrained,orientation=[-50,70]); 动画的Maple程序 with(plots): R:=1: f:=x->sqrt(R^2-x^2): g:=x->-sqrt(R^2-x^2): a:=-R:b:=R:H:=2: xzou:=spacecurve([x,0,0],x=a-1..b+1,thickness=3,color=black): yzou:=spacecurve([0,y,0],y=a-1..b+1,thickness=3,color=black): base:=plot3d([x,y,0],x=a..b,y=g(x)..f(x),color=grey,style=patchnogrid): quxian:=spacecurve([R*cos(t),R*sin(t),0],t=0..2*Pi,thickness=3,color=red): xi:=0.5*R: sanjiaoxing:=spacecurve([[xi,g(xi),0],[xi,f(xi),0],[xi,(f(xi)+g(xi))/2,H],[xi,g(xi),0]],thickness=3,color=blue): sanjiaoban:=plot3d([xi,y,z],y=(f(xi)+g(xi))/2-(f(xi)-g(xi))/2*(1-z/H)..(f(xi)+g(xi))/2+(f(xi)-g(xi))/2*(1-z/H),z=0..H,colo