贸易运输，英文阅读.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 16 Chapter 9 International Cargo Transportation 国际货物运输 In international trade, the seller delivers the goods in exchange for the buyer’s payment. It is the seller’s basic duty to deliver the goods to the buyer or the specified carrier in due time, place and transport means according to the contract after signing it. In common law, according to the cases over the past years, common law countries regard quality clauses, quantity clauses and time of delivery as the fundamentals of the contract. The consequences could be very serious once the rules are broken. In this chapter, time of delivery is the priority of shipment clauses. Time of shipment and time of delivery are totally different concepts. But under FOB, CFR and CIF terms, the seller delivers the documents instead of the goods, which means, once the goods are sent to the ship or shipping conveyance in the shipping port, the seller’s duty to deliver the goods is accomplished. The date indicated by the carrier on the shipping documents is the time of delivery and the place of shipment is rightly the place of delivery. That is to say, under CIF, FOB and CFR trade terms which indicate symbolic delivery, shipment just means delivery and time of shipment is rightly time of delivery. Lesson 1 Means of Transportation 运 输 方 式 In international trade, there are various kinds of modes of transportation: ocean transportation, rail transportations, air transportation, river transportation, postal transportation, road transportation, channel transportation, container transportation, international multimodal transportation and continental-bridge transportation, etc., of which ocean transportation is the most important, traditional and time honored means of transport. Currently, as the most preferred mode of transport, ocean transportation accounts for 80% of the total capacity. We’ll introduce a few significant means of transportation in international trade hereinaf