论国家赔偿法中精神损害赔偿制度的完善.pdf

摘要 摘 要 2010年4月29 日，经过修正的 《国家赔偿法》中通过增加第三十五条的方式确立 了精神损害赔偿制度，被学术界称之为 “我国国家赔偿制度的重要突破”，这充分体现 了国家对于公民精神权益的保障与重视，充分反映了国家切实尊重与保障人权的宪法理 念。然而，由于我国对于该项制度的研究起步较晚，并且精神损害本身所具有的主观性 和不可量化性，使得精神损害赔偿制度在实践中缺少一定的应用性。本文认为， 《国家 赔偿法》针对精神损害赔偿金额的计算所遵循的原则并不明确、 “造成严重后果”的认 定标准比较模糊、精神损害赔偿的范围较窄、没有规定计算精神损害赔偿时所需考虑的 因素问题，使得精神损害赔偿制度没有取得理想的法律效果与社会效果。显然，想要充 分发挥这项制度在国家赔偿领域中的作用，应当以颁布立法解释和司法解释的方式从四 个方面进行完善：首先，应当明确计算精神损害抚慰金所应遵循的原则；其次，细化 “严重后果”的具体情形；再次，适当扩大精神损害赔偿范围；最后，明确计算精神损 害抚慰金所需衡量的因素。 关键词 国家赔偿法；精神损害赔偿；精神损害抚慰金 - -I 哈尔滨商业大学硕士学位论文 Abstract On April 29, 2010, the amended National compensation law established the mental damage compensation system by adding article thirty-five, which was called an important breakthrough in Chinas national compensation system by academia, which is sufficient It embodiesthe statesprotection and attention tothe spiritual rights of citizens, and fully reflects the countrys constitutional concept of effectively respecting and protecting human rights. However, due to the late start of chinese research on this system, and the subjectivity and non- quantifiability of mental damage itself, the system of compensation for mental damage lacks certain applicability in practice. This article believes that the principle of the national compensation law for the calculation of the amount of compensation for mental damage isnot clear, the criteria for causing serious consequences are ambiguous, the scope of compensation for mental damage is narrow, and there is no provision for the calculation of compensation for mental damage. The factors that need to be considered make the compensation system for mental damage fail to achieve ideal legal and social effects. Obviously, in order to give full play to the role of this system in the field of national compensation,