大学物理演示实验英文版.pdfVIP

Build a Raft Powered by Surface Tension Abstract Have you ever wondered why a water strider can walk on water? Or how detergent can clean your dishes? If you observe carefully, you can find dozens of similarly interesting phenomena that are all linked to the surface tension of water. This science project will help you understand and measure the properties of water surface tension. Objective In this science project, you will: 1. Develop an understanding of water surface tension, 2. Understand changes in water surface tension under various conditions, 3. Make measurements to estimate the net water surface tension. Introduction If youve ever blown up a balloon, you know its pretty easy to blow up without becoming out of breath when its made of soft, stretchy rubber. Thats because the balloon offers little resistance to becoming stretched out as it is blown up. But for a balloon made of thicker or stiffer rubber, more energy is required to blow it up. The balloon offers more resistance to stretching. Think of a balloon as a model for surface tension. How stretchy the balloon material is determines how much resistance (surface tension) must be overcome by the energy of your blowing in order to inflate the balloon. Surface tension is defined as the energy required to increase the surface area by a unit amount. Liquids also experience surface tension. The molecules (small individual particles) of the liquid experience intermolecular attractions, which simply means the molecules are pulling and pushing away from each other, just like magnets both attract and repel each other. In the case of a water molecule surrounded on all sides by other water molecules, every pulling force is balanced by a pushing force. The net (which means overall) effect is no change. But at the surface, where air and water meet, that isnt true. The water molecules at the surface experience more pulls downward toward the other water molecules below the