土力学 (4)v材料力学.pdf

Basic Factors(1) （1）water content w=( m / m )X100(%) w s Define: The water content is the ratio of the mass of water to the mass of solid in the soil. It is expressed as a percentage. “test” The water content must be determined by test. It is determined by weighing a sample of the soil and then drying the sample in an oven at a temperature of 105- o 110 C and reweighing. Soil Mechanics-chapter1 Basic Factors(2) （2）Soil density 3 ρ = m/ V (kg/m ) Definition: The soil density is the ratio of the total mass to the total volume. Convenient units for density are kg/m3 or Mg/m3 The density of water is denoted: 3 3 ρw =1000kg/m or 1.0Mg/m Soil Mechanics-chapter1 Basic Factors(3) （3）specific gravity d = m /m = ρ /ρ s s w s w The specific gravity of the soil particles is given above. Where ρs is the particle density, If the units of ρs are Mg/m3 （g/cm3 ）then ρs and Gs are numerically equal. Soil Mechanics-chapter1 Conversion Index(1) （4 ）Void ratio （5）Porosity e =V / V n =(V / V )x100(%) v s v Definition: The void ratio is the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of solids. The porosity is the ratio of the volume of voids to