材料导论 (36)材料导论.pdf

Video 6: Viscoelasticity Today, we’ll talk about the viscoelasticity behavior of polymer materials. As the name implies, as the name tells us, viscoelasticity is a combination of elasticity and viscosity. 今天讲聚合物材料的粘弹性。 顾名思义，粘弹性结合了粘性和弹性。 Viscosity refers to the nature of a liquid’s resistance to flow. It indicates the resistance of a fluid to flow. Different materials show different viscosity because they have different inter-molecules attractive forces. Elasticity refers to the ability of a material to return to its original, initial size shape once an external load or force is removed. For example, when you compress a material by your finger, the material changes its shape. When you take away your finger, take away or release the compression, the material will return to the shape at the beginning. A similar example is to stretch and then loose a spring, the spring is elongated and then immediately recover to its initial shape. This ability is called elasticity. Elasticity is a physical property of materials. 粘性指液体分子抵抗、阻止相邻分子流动的能力或特性。不同材料分子间相互作 用力不同，因而粘性不同。 弹性指材料所受外力去除后，它回复到起始尺寸、形状的能力。 例如，当你用手指按压材料，材料变形，你拿开手指，释放按压力，材料回复到 起初的形状。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 类似列子是拉伸、松开弹簧，弹簧被拉伸，然后很快回复到初始状态，称这种能 力为弹性，弹性是一种物理性质。 Polymer materials have the viscoelasticity. This means they have both viscosity and elasticity. They can display both viscous and elastic features. Viscoelasticity is a property unique to polymers such as plastics, elastomers and adhesives. 聚合物材料具有粘弹性，即既具粘性、又具弹性，同时表现粘性和弹性特质。 粘弹性是聚合物材料(如塑料、橡胶和粘合剂等) 的独特性质。 We have known that for an amorphous polymer, at a temperature lower than its Tg, it behaves like a glass, rigid solid. Under this temperature, when it is loaded and a relatively small deformation appears, its behavior is elastic. We can use the Hooke ’s law to describe its behavior. 无定形聚合物在温度低于其玻璃化转化温度Tg 时，为玻璃一样坚硬固体。此时 受力