副词性从1(状语从句).docVIP

副词性从句（状语从句） 状语从句在复合句中做状语可修饰主句中的动词、形容词、和副词等。状语从句有从属连词引导，与主句相接。状语从句的位置可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，其后常用逗号，放在句末时，其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据它们的含义一般可分为十大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式和程度状语从句。 一、时间状语从句 常用的连词有：before, after, when, as(当，一边…一边), while(在…期间), whenever (无论何时，每当)，since(自从…以来)，as soon as/hardly …when/no sooner than (一…就…)，till /until。如果主句是一般将来时，状语从句中用一般现在时。since所引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句用完成时态。 1. while, when, whenever和 as的用法比较 (1) while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。她不能表示一时性或暂时性的动作。 Don’t talk so loud while others are working. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me 2 dollars (2) when 引导的时间状语从句可以指时间的一点,也可以指一段时间,从句的谓语动词可用终止性动词,也可用延续性动词.when引导的从句表示具体的时间,从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时也可以先于主句的动作.whenever指任何一个不具体的时间. It was raining when we arrived.(动作同时,指时间点) When you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you. (动作有先后,指时间点,不能用while) (3) as 用as时主句和从句的动作往往同时发生,具有延伸意义,一般同延续性动词连用,有时可译作“一边…一边” As time went on, his theory proved to be correct. As we walked, we talked. 2. since 和 before 的用法比较 两者均可用于“ It be… since/before+从句”的句型.区别在于since 表示“自从…以来”,所在主从句的谓语动词的时态关系是：It is /has been sometime since sb. did sth. 而before的含义是“(过了多久)才…”主从句的谓语动词的时态关系是: It was /had been sometime before sb. did sth. 表过去和将来时,两者相应的句型分别是: It was some time since sb had done sth. 和It will be some time before sb does sth. It is 30 years since he joined the revolution. It was three days before he came back. 二 地点状语从句 常用的从属连词有:where, wherever(无论哪里), everywhere(在每一个地方). After the war, a new school building was put up where there has once been a theatre. She found her calculator where she lost it . Everywhere they went ,the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed. Sit wherever you like. 三 原因状语从句 原因状语从句一般由because(因为),since(既然),as(由于),now that(既然,因为)等连词引导. 1. because ,since ,as 和now that (1) because Because 表示直接的原因或理由,表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系.回答以 引起的特殊疑问句,只能用because. Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining. He is absent today because he is ill (2) since since表示对