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- 2020-08-24 发布于河北
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关于英语动态动词与静态动词的用法
李丽华
(鞍山师范学院 外语系 鞍山 114005)
摘 要: 本文从英语动态动词和静态动词的分类入手,根据分析和比较的结果,系统地阐述动态动词和静态动词的用法。
关键词: 动态动词 静态动词
Abstract: This thesis elaborates the usage of the English dynamic and stative verbs systematically and focusses the attention on the accurate use of various verbs in the English language.
Key Wrds: Dynamic verbs Stative verbs
英语中的动态动作和静态状态可以表现在动词中,从语义角度讲,动词可以分为动态和静态。本文着重就动态动词(dynamic verbs)和静态动词(stative verbs)的语义和句法特征做进一步的分析。
动词(dynamic verbs)和静态动词(stative verbs)的概念及分类。
实义动词按其语义特征可以分为动态动词和静态动词。
动态动词(dynamic verbs):表示运动状态的动词。这类动词分为五种:
活动动词(activity verbs)
过程动词(process verbs)
感觉动词(verbs of bodily sensation)
过渡性动词(transitional verbs)
瞬间动词(momentary verbs)
静态动词(stative verbs): 表示相对静止状态的动词。这类动词分为三种:
感觉动词(verbs of perception)
认识动词(verbs of cogition)
关系动词(relation verbs)
动态动词(dynamic verbs)
活动动词(activity verbs): 这类动词表示动作的发出者的有意识的,主动的行为。
这类动词有: ask, write, listen, play,run, keep,work etc.
One of the students asked me a question.
The girl writes to her mother once a week.
过程动词(process verbs): 这类动词表示“过程”含有逐渐过渡的语义,通常情况下,表示动作转化为状态。
这类动词有: change, grow, get, widen, become, mature, deteriorate etc.
The village has changed a great deal since we last visited it.
It is growing cold.
感觉动词(verbs of bodily sensation): 这类动词表示客观事物的个别特征在人体中引起的反映。
这类动词有: ache, feel, hurt, itch etc.
My back was hurting.
Are your mosquito bites still itching?
过渡性动词(transational verbs):这类动词表示动作由一个阶段逐渐发展而转入另一种状态。
这类动词有: arrive, die, fall, land, leave, lose etc.
The train arrived at the station.
Tom’s grandfather died five years ago.
这里需要指出的是当上述过渡性动词用于进行体时,表达的不是动作达到的语义,而是过渡状态。
The train was arriving. (火车快到站了.)
Tom’s grandfather was dying. (汤姆的祖父快要去世.)
瞬间动词(momentary verbs)
这类动词表示瞬间发生随即完成的动作。
这类动词有:hit,jump,tap,knock,kick,nod,meet,shoot,drop,etc.
The boss hit the boy on the head.
The teacher tapped the child on the shoulder.
值得语言学者重视的是: 瞬间动词一旦用于进行体,常表示重复性动作。
The boss was hitting the boy on the head. (连续打击)
The teacher was tapping the child on the
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