七下英语U8语法小专题.docVIP

U8语法精讲 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 同样优秀，更勤奋者胜 there be句型 1．构成 there be句型表示的是“某处有/存在某人或某物”，其结构为“There be＋名词＋地点状语”。如： There are forty－two students in our class.我们班有42名学生。 There is a pencil in my pencil－box.我的铅笔盒里有一支铅笔。 2．各种句式 (1)否定句：There be＋not＋名词＋地点状语。其中not也可以用no表示。即：no＋名词＝not a/an/any＋名词。如： There is an orange in her bag. →There is no orange in her bag.＝There isnt any/an orange in her bag. There are some birds in the tree. →There are no birds in the tree.＝There arent any birds in the tree. (2)一般疑问句：Be there＋名词＋地点状语？ 回答：Yes，there be./No，there be＋not.如： There is some money in her handbag. —Is there any money in her handbag? —Yes，there is./No，there isnt. 【注意】肯定句变为否定句或一般疑问句时，句中的some应改为any。 (3)特殊疑问句： ①对there be结构中名词的数量提问：当对可数名词的量提问时用“How many＋可数名词复数＋are there＋地点状语？”；当对不可数名词的量提问时用“How much＋不可数名词＋is there＋地点状语？”如： There are shops on this street. How many shops are there on this street? There is a bird in the tree. How many birds are there in the tree? There is bread on the table. How much bread is there on the table? ②对there be结构中的名词提问时用： 指物：What is＋地点状语？ 指人：Who is＋地点状语？ There are __ on the desk. What are on the desk? There is __ in the room. Who is in the room? 3．用法 (1)There be句型中，be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如： There __ __ in the box.盒子里有一个篮球。 There __ __ in the hall.大厅里有很多人。 (2)如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。如： There __ __ and some bananas in the basket.篮子里有一个苹果和一些香蕉。 There __ __ and an apple in the basket.篮子里有一些香蕉和一个苹果。 4．there be与have的区别 (1)there be句型表示“有”时，侧重于客观情况，表示“某处有/存在某人或某物”，此时不强调此物归谁所有。 (2)have表示“有”时，侧重于主观情况，表示“某人拥有某物”，此时强调“所属关系”，主语多是人。 (3)二者有时可以通用，表示“某物本身拥有……”。如： The room has ten desks.＝There are ten desks in the classroom.教室里有十张桌子。语法精练 Ⅰ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 1．桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。 There a book and two pens on the desk. 2．在吉姆的书包里有一些书。 There some books in Jims bag. 3．墙上有一些地图吗？ maps on the wa