科技英语翻译第三篇.docVIP

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins that are present in all cells in all life forms. They are induced when a cell undergoes various types of environmental stresses like heat, cold and oxygen deprivation. Heat shock proteins are also present in cells under perfectly normal conditions. They act like “chaperones”，making sure that the cell’s proteins are in the right shape and in the right place at the right time. For example, HSPs help new or distorted proteins fold into shape, which is essential for their function. They also shuttle proteins from one compartment to another inside the cell, and transport old proteins to “garbage disposals” inside the cell. Heat shock proteins are also believed to play a role in the presentation of pieces of proteins (or peptides) on the cell surface to help the immune system recognize diseased cells. For decades it has been known that animals can be ‘vaccinated’ against cancer. This is how it works: Tumor cells can be weakened and injected like a vaccine into a mouse. Afterwards, if these same tumor cells, at full strength, are injected into the mouse, the mouse will reject the tumor cells and cancer will not develop. However, if a mouse has not been vaccinated in this manner, the tumor cells will “take root” and the mouse will develop cancer. Although it was clear that animals could be vaccinated against cancer, for a long time it was not known how it worked. Then about 25 years ago, a graduate student named Pramod Srivastava began a series of experiments. He took tumor cells, broke them open, and separated the different parts of the cells into fractions. He then used each of the fractions as “vaccines” to see which fraction protected the mice from developing cancer. After many experiments, he found that the element responsible for protecting the mice was heat shock proteins. 热应急蛋白是一组存在于一切生命形式的所有细胞中的蛋白质。细胞处于不同形式的环境 压力（如遇热、遇冷或缺氧）下就会诱发这种蛋白质的产生。 在完全正常的条件下，细胞内也会产生热应急蛋白，这些蛋白质就像“陪护” 一样，确保细胞内的蛋白质在合适的时间处于合适的位置