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APA Referencing
THIS IS A QUICK GUIDE TO THE APA REFERENCING STYLE (6TH EDITION)
The American Psychological Association reference style uses the Author-Date format.
Refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) for more information.
Check the Library Catalogue for call number and location(s).
When quoting directly or indirectly from a source, the source must be acknowledged in the text by author
name and year of publication. If quoting directly, a location reference such as page number(s) or paragraph
number is also required.
IN-TEXT
Direct quotation – use quotation marks around the quote and include page numbers
Samovar and Porter (1997) point out that language involves attaching meaning to symbols (p.188).
Alternatively, “Language involves attaching meaning to symbols (Samovar Porter, 1997, p.188).
Indirect quotation/paraphrasing – no quotation marks
Attaching meaning to symbols is considered to be the origin of written language (Samovar Porter, 1997).
N.B. Page numbers are optional when paraphrasing, although it is useful to include them (Publication Manual, p. 171).
Citations from a secondary source
As Hall (1977) asserts, “culture also defines boundaries of different groups” (as cited in Samovar and Porter,
1997, p. 14).
At the end of your assignment, you are required to provide the full bibliographic information for each source.
References must be listed in alphabetical order by author.
EXAMPLES OF REFERENCES BY TYPE
In a reference list In-text citation
1. Book with one author
King, M. (2000). Wrestling with the angel: A life of Janet Frame. Auckland, New (King, 2000) or
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