人工合成石研究进展.pdf

前沿进展 人工合成金刚石研究进展 陈乾旺 　　娄正松 　　王 　强 　　陈昶乐 (中国科学技术大学结构分析重点实验室和化学与材料学院　合肥 　230026) 摘 　要 　　1796年英国科学家 S. Tennan t的精确燃烧实验 ,首次揭示金刚石是由纯碳构成的宝石 ,从此人类开始了 漫长的人工合成金刚石的探索. 金刚石通常只能在极端条件下形成 ,因此 ,合成技术的突破是人类合成水平提高的 一个重要标志 ,文章对这一领域一些重要工作做了简单回顾 , 也讨论了作者在合成金刚石方面的工作. 我们在 ( ) 440 ℃的低温条件下 ,用碱金属 L i,N a, K 还原超临界 CO2 ,得到透明、大尺寸的金刚石晶体 ,首次实现了金刚石燃 烧实验的逆过程 ,即把低能、直线型 CO2 分子变成了碳 - 碳四面体连接的金刚石 ,开辟了人工合成金刚石的新途 径. 也讨论了它与天然金刚石起源之间的可能联系. 关键词 　　金刚石 , CO2 ,化学还原 , 电子金刚石 Recen t progress in d iam ond syn thesis CHEN Q ianW ang 　　LOU ZhengShong　　WAN G Q iang　　CHEN ChangL e (S tructu re R esea rch L abora tory and S chool of M a teria ls and Chem istry, Un ives ity of S cience and Techonology of Ch ina, H ef ei　230026, Ch ina) Ab stract　　R recent advances in diamond synthesis are reviewed. A rtificial diamond s synthe sized under h igh p re ssu re and h igh temp erature has led to w ide u sage of such diamond s in indu stry. Low temp eratu re coating of diamond s has been studied for som e tim e and chem ical vapor depo sition ha s been develop ed. In our group den se carbon dioxide is reduced by alkali m etals (L i, N a, K) to p roduce colourless large diamond crystals at 800 atm and 400 ℃. D iamond s readily burn in air, form ing carbon dioxide. Th is is the first tim e that the reverse con version of carbon dioxide to diamond ha s been realized. Carbonate s are important candidate s as potential ho sts for carbon in the Earth ’s m antle and cru st, It is known that the m antle in the p a st ha s been strongly reducing, ba sed on the thermodynam ic analyse s of diamond inclu sion s. It is s