新目标八年级下Unit-9学案及练习.pdfVIP

Unit 9 Grade 8 （下） Have You Ever Been to an Amusement Park? 知识点拨 一、学习目标： 1.掌握现在完成时的用法； 2.了解一般过去时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意义的区别； 3.能够准确使用多种时态谈论自己的经历。 二、学习重点难点： 1. 现在完成时由主语＋ have/has＋过去分词构成。其主要用法如下： I. 在未指明具体时间的情况下， 现在完成时动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完 成，而后果或影响至今仍存在的动作。 例如： The concert has started. 音乐会已经开始。 I have had breakfast. 我已吃过早饭。 注意： have gone to 和 have been to在意义上有区别。 例如： He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。 （他已前往香港，或在途中，或 已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场。 ） He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。 （说话人认为他过去到过香港， 现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解。 ） II. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去） 的动作或状态。 例如： 1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。 2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。 注意： come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury和 marry 等动 词所表示的动作是一时的， 不能延续的，故不能与 for …，since …等开头的表示 一段时间的状语连用。 不过，这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连 用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。 例如： 不能说： *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years. *His grandma has died for nine months. * I have received his letter for a month. 可以说： He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months. I havent received his letter for almost a month. 或者： It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book. It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died. 2. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过 去的动作本身， 与现在的结果无关。 现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举 例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy an