有机物命名和聚合物命名精析.pptVIP

Special English for polymer science Zeng xiaoping  1.1 Saturated C,H2n+(alkanes a)Unbranched The first four members have semi-trivial names (俗名), Following the members of the series are given systematic names. In these names the ending -aneis combined with the Greek (Latin) numerical term for the number of c- atoms. in the chain L0: Methane CHa Ethane C2H Propane C3H = Butane C 10  13 Tridecane 25 Pentacosane eThane Tetradecane 26 Hexacosane 3 Propane 15 Pentadecane 27 Heptacosane bUtane Hexadane 28 Octacosane Pentane Heptadecane 29 Nonacosane 6 Hexan Octadecane 30 Triacontane Heptane Nonadecane 40 Tetracontane oCtane Icosane 50 Pentacontane 9Nonane 21 Heni cosine 60 Hexacontane 10 Decane Docosane 70 Heptacontane 11 Undecane23 Tricosane 80 Octacontane 12 Dodecane Tetracosane 90Nonacontane  CnH2n+1 radicals (alkyls) CH4 methane, CH3-methyl ane Butane→buth; propane→ propyl Pentane→ pentyl:h nexan Heptane-heptyl: octane -octy Nonane→non decane→dec  CH2n radicals (1)ane”→ ylidene”(又,亚基 H2C-CH= Ethylidene(乙叉,亚乙基 H3CCH2CH= Propylidene(亚丙基 (2)A divalent radical with two terminal yl(r) ane ene CH2-: methylene:-CH2CH2-: Ethylene(乙撑) (3)CnH2n-1 radicals CH=( ylidyne,次基,“川”) methylidyne CH3C= ethylidyne(次乙基,乙川)  b)Branched Saturated branched acyclic hydrocarbon is named by( 1) choosing the longest main chain; and(2) prefixing the designations of the side chains to the name of the main chain (in alphabetical order) C3H, C2Hs CH3 H3C—CH—CH2—CH2CH—CH—CH—CH3 3-ethyl-2, 7-dimethyl-4-propyloctane Dimethylpentyl ethyl 取代基次序 IUPAC规定依英文名第一字母次序排列。 我国规定采用立体化学中“次序规则”:优先基团放 在后面,如第一原子相同则比较下一原子。  CH3--CH-CH2-CH--CH--CH3 CH CHa CH 如何命名???? 2, 3, 5-trimethylhexane  2-methyl-3-ethyl-5-butyloctane 3-ethyl-2-methyl-5-butyloctane 3-ethyl-2-methyl-5-propylnonane 2-methyl-3-ethyl-5-propyinonane  1.2 Unsaturated 1.2.1 C H2,Alkenes C H2n-2Alkynes Alkane alkene(alkadiene) ane→ene( adiene) A lkane-alkyne