郑州大学信息工程学院大四计科外教实时处理.pdfVIP

ECTE431-ECTE931 Real-Time Computing – Example Paper Solution 1 QUESTION 1 – [10 marks] a) Define real-time systems. [4 marks] Solution: o A real-time system is a system with explicit timing requirements. o The system must respond to external inputs within a specified period. o Failure to meet the timing requirements is as bad as producing the wrong outputs. o An example of real-time systems: MPEG video and audio encoder (30 frames/s) b) Describe briefly three major scheduling approaches for real-time systems. [6 marks] Solution: Clock-driven scheduling approach o Scheduling decisions are made at specific time instants, which are typically chosen a priori. o Typically, a hardware timer is used to provided periodic time instants, at which the scheduler wakes up and selects the next jobs to execute. o Suitable for systems that consist of mostly deterministic and periodic tasks. Weighted round-robin scheduling approach o Jobs are given weights and are placed in a circular FIFO queue. o Processor’s time is divided into equal time slices. o When it is job Ji’s turn, it will execute for wi time slices before being pre-emptied for the next job in queue. o New jobs execute almost immediately. This approach is suitable for incremental producer/consumer jobs. Priority-driven scheduling approach o At any scheduling decision time, among the eligible jobs, the one with the highest priority is selected for execution. o This approach tries to make locally optimal decisions and is also known as greedy scheduling. o Examples are first-in-first-out, shortest-