大学英语写作教程复习重点.docVIP

Sentence fragments： 句子碎片： sentences are complete thoughts because they are have subjects and verbs and because they require no other elements to complete their meaning. 句子是完整的主题有完整的主语和谓语，而且并不需要成分来补充它的意思。 When any one of these dependent units is punctuated with a capital letter at the beginning and a full stop （period， exclamation point，or question mark）at the end，it is called a sentence fragment. 当任何一个非独立成分被句首大写字母强调并且末尾有一个停顿（句号， 感叹号，问号），他被称为句子片段 A sentence fragment can be corrected in various ways： 句子碎片可以用多种不同的方法修正 a. by joining it to another sentence 把它加入进另一个句子 b. by supplying a subject and a predicate提供一个主语和谓语 c. by rewriting the passage in which it occurs在不改变句意的范围内重写 Any verbless or subjectless fragment of a sentence ，whether you can classify it or not，should not be allowed to stand as a sentence. 任何没有主语或谓语的句子碎片，不管是否分类，都不应该当做句子。 A. A verbless or subjectless fragment can be corrected by adding a subject or verb accordingly；by attaching the fragment to the sentence that comes before it or the sentence that comes after it ，whichever makes sense ；or by rewriting the fragment entirely. 一个缺少主语或谓语的句子碎片可以通过增加一个相应的主语或谓语来改正；或通过把句子碎片加入它前面或后面的句子使其合理的完整；或完全的重写句子碎片。 B. Added—detail fragments also lack a subject and a verb .They often begin with one of the following words.；for example ，also，except，such as ，including，especially，namely 额外的碎片也是缺少主语和谓语的。大多是以以下的词开始的；例如，并且，除了，像，包含，特别，即 An added—detail fragments can be corrected in one of the three ways below： 额外碎片可以通过以下三种方式改正 Attach the fragment to the complete thought that precedes it. 附加到他之前的完整意思中 Add a subject and a verb to the fragment to make it a complete sentence. 在碎片中加入主语和谓语使他成为一个完整的句子 Change words necessary to make the fragment part of the sentence. 改变必要的词汇使句子碎片成为一个句子 Run—on sentence 连写句 A run—on sentence is tow or more complete thoughts （or independent clauses）without adequate sign given to mark the break between them. 连写句是两个或两个以上的写在一起且中间没有明显停顿标记的完整的意思（独立句） They may be corrected in four principal ways： 连写句的四种主要的改正方法：